ChristianIconography.Info

The purpose of this site is to support the study of Christian iconography at the beginner's level. To access all the contents, please visit the home page. The site's mission is of an academic, not religious, nature. There is no connection between ChristianIconography.Info and any religious organization.

The site was prepared by Richard Stracke, assisted by Claire Stracke, for the Department of English and Foreign Languages at Augusta University. Dr. Stracke is Emeritus Professor of English in the Department, and Mrs. Stracke is a veteran of Fine Arts School and of several projects like this one. Augusta University, known from 2012 to 2015 as Georgia Regents University, was formed from the merger in 2012 of what had been the Medical College of Georgia and Augusta State University. Both institutions trace their origins to the early 19th century.

In the centuries covered by this study the Latin Vulgate was the sole accepted text of the Bible, so when we quote scripture in English we use the Douay-Rheims translation of the Vulgate rather than a modern translation, except when rendering proper names. (For example, to avoid confusion we substitute "Elijah" for D-R's latinate "Elias.")

I will be happy to answer inquiries of an academic or scholarly nature, but please remember that this is a secular site and I am not prepared to engage in discussion of the merits of any religion or sect. The address is dickstracke@yahoo.com.

Many thanks to Don Ho for his fabulous Notepad++ code editor and its many thoughtful features. I'll never use wysiwyg again!

HOME PAGE

WORKS CITED
(links to online resources are underlined)

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Acta Sanctorum. edited by John Bolland et al. 65 vols. Brussels, 1643-1925. Links to individual volumes can be accessed from this page on the Bibliothèque Nationale's website or from the list below. Most of the items in the list will include a reference to the Documenta Catholica Omnia web site. This goes offline from time to time, but the Internet Archive addresses will be more stable.

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Aliferis, Laurence Terrier. "Joseph christophore dans la Fuite d'Egypte: transmission d'un schéma iconographique spécifique à travers le Moyen Age." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 76 (2016): 164-192.

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Anonymous. Passio Floriani:

  • Acta Sanctorum, May vol. 1, 463-66.
  • Woods, David. "The Passion of St. Florian (BHL 3058)" (a translation of the above). Originally at the University of Cork (http://www.ucc.ie/milmart/BHL3058.html), now offline there but available at the Internet Archive.
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  1. Volume 1
  2. Volume 2
  3. Volume 3
  4. Volume 4
  5. Volume 5
  6. Volume 6
  7. Volume 7
  8. Volume 8
  9. Volume 9
  10. Volume 10
  11. Volume 11
  12. Volume 12

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McKenzie, Judith S. and Francis Watson. The Garima Gospels: Early Illuminated Gospel Books from Ethiopia. Oxford: Manar al-Athar, University of Oxford, 2016.

McLachlan, Elizabeth Parker. "Liturgical Vessels and Implements," in Heffernan and Matter, 333-389.

Meiss, Millard. "Light as Form and Symbol in Some Fifteenth-Century Paintings." Art Bulletin 27 (1945), 175-81. Online copy at JSTOR.

Mell, Ulrich. Christliche Hauskirche und Neues Testament: die Ikonologie des Baptisteriums von Dura Europos und das Diatessaron Tatians. Göttigen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2010. Parts available at this address in Google Books (retrieved 2022-01-02).

Mellinkoff, Ruth. The Horned Moses in Medieval Art and Thought. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1970.

Melzer, Libby. "Flood, Fire and War: fragmentary manuscripts in The Medieval Imagination exhibition." The LaTrobe Journal 81 (2008): 70-81. Online copy at State Library Victoria.

Mencken, Otto. Miscellanea Lipsiensia Nova. 6 vols. Leipzig, 1743-48. Online: Volume 2, Volume 5, Volume 6, retrieved 2020-06-09.

Merback, Mitchell B. The Thief, The Cross, and the Wheel. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

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Metropolitan Museum. Recent Acquisitions: A Selection, 2014-2016. Online copy provided by the museum.

Michon, Solange. "Un moine enlumineur du XIIe siècle." Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte: 44 (1987): 1-8. Online copy retrieved 2022-07-06.

Migne, J. P. Patrologiae Graecae Cursus Completus. Online in Documenta Catholica Omnia. From time to time this online copy of PG goes offline for some reason. When it does, the several volumes are available in an unfortunately jumbled order in the Internet Archive. Volumes I have referenced at this website include the following (with their DCO web addresses):

  • Germanus of Constantinople. "Third Discourse on the Dormition." Vol. 98: 359-71, retrieved 2015-12-31).
  • Martyrium Sancti Longini Centurionis. Vol. 93: 1545-60, retrieved 2017-206-26).
  • John Damascene, "Second Oration on the Dormition." Vol. 96: 722-52, retrieved 2015-12-31).
  • Nicophorus Calistus. Historia Ecclesiastica. Vol. 145: 549-1332 and Vol 146, retrieved 2019-05-17.
  • Symeon Metaphrastes. Vita Sanctorum. Vols. 114-116.
  • Theodorus Lector. Historia Ecclesiastica. Vol. 86: 165-228, retrieved 2014-06-03.

Migne, J.-P., Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus. Online in Documenta Catholica Omnia. From time to time this online copy of PL goes offline for some reason. When it does, the several volumes are available in an unfortunately jumbled order in the Internet Archive. Volumes I have referenced at this website include the following (with their DCO web addresses):

Miles, Laura Saetveit. "The Origin and Development of the Virgin Mary's Book at the Annunciation." Speculum 89/3 (2014): 632-669. Online copy at JSTOR, retrieved 2022-09-24.

Milliner, Matthew J. "Icon as Theology: The Byzantine Virgin of Predestination." In Romaine, 73-93.

Milton, John. Paradise Lost. Ed. Alastair Fowler. 2nd ed. New York: Longman, 1998. Online copy at Project Gutenberg, retrieved 2015-07-20.

Miranda, Salvador. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Originally retrieved from the web site at Florida International University, now at the Internet Archive, retrieved 2020-12-01.

Missa Defunctorum: Ex Missali Romano Desumpta. Originally online at the Sancta Missa website, now online at the Internet Archive, retrieved 2020-12-01.

Missale Romanum: Ex Decreto Sacrosancto Concilii Tridentini Restitutum. Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 1862. Online copy at Google Books, retrieved 2014-09-03.

Mitchell, Joseph D. "The Story of Samuel Cooper." The Bulletin of the Catholic Laymen's Association of Georgia 15 (August, 1922): 7-10.

Molanus, Iohannes. De Historia SS. Imaginum et Picturarum. Louvain: Typis Academicis, 1776. (Originally published in 1570.) Available online via the catalog of the New York Public Library.

Molé, Louis-Mathieu [nom de plume: Le Comte de Falloux]. Histoire de Saint Pie V. 2nd ed. Paris: Sagnier et Bray, 1851. Online at Google Books: Volume I and Volume II, retrieved 2020-01-01.

Mombrun, Alfred. Vie de Saint Simon de Stock. Paris: Librairie de la Propagation Catholique, 1869. Online copy at Google Books, retrieved 2017-07-27.

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Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Auctores Antiquissimi

Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum

Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores Rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum

Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi

Morinelli, Tony Devaney. The Life of St. Julian the Hospitaller. Online at Medieval Sourcebook, retrieved 2014-05-13.

Mormando, Franco. "The Making of the Second Jesuit Saint." In Franco Mormando and Jill G. Thomas, Francis Xavier and the Jesuit Missions in the Far East, 9-23. Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts: The Jesuit Institute of Boston College, 2006. Online copy provided by Boston College, retrieved 2017-10-25..

Morton, James. The Legend of St. Katherine of Alexandria. London: Abbotsford Club, 1841. Online copy at the Internet Archive, retrieved 2013-11-08.

Moss, Ann. "Saint Ann in Crisis." In Alasdair A. MacDonald, Schooling and Society: The Ordering and Reordering of Knowledge in the Western Middle Ages, 188-196. Leuven: Peeters, 2004.

Moss, Rachel. "The Staff, the Snake and the Shamrock: St Patrick in Art." Online essay in the St. Patrick's Confessio website, retrieved 2014-09-08.

Munificentissimus Deus: Apostolic Constitution of Pope Pius Defining the Dogma of the Assumption. The Vatican, November 1, 1950. Online copy at The Holy See.

Murray, Peter, Linda Murray, and Tom Devonshire Jones. Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art and Architecture. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Năstăsoiu, Dragoş. "A Holy Bishop Among Holy Kings in the Frescoes of Mălâncrav." Transsilvanica (Transylvanian Review) 26, 2 (2017), 94-110.

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Neuerburg, Norman. Saints of the California Missions. Santa Barbara, California: Bellerophon Books, 1995.

Niang, Aliou Cissé, and Carolyn Osiek. Text, Image, and Christians in the Graeco-Roman World: A Festschrift in Honor of David Lee Balch. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2011. Searchable parts of the book can be accessed online by way of Google Books (retrieved 2015-05-30).

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Niccola di Lagonegro. Dialoghi tra il Missionario e il Penitente. 5 vols. Rome: Ottavio Puccinelli, 1769.

Nichols, Tom. Tintoretto: Tradition and Identity. London: Reaktion Books, 1999.

Nixon, Virginia. Mary's Mother: St. Anne in Late Medieval Europe. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004. Though not entirely available online, this work can be checked for search terms at Google Books (retrieved 2013-11-20).

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Norman, Diana. Art, Science, and Religion 1280-1400. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.

Norman, Diana. "‘Hail Most Saintly Lady’: Change and Continuity in Marian Altarpieces." In Norman, 195-216.

Norris, Richard Alfred. The Song of Songs: Interpreted by Early and Medieval Commentators. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2003.

Nugent, Madeline. Clare and Her Sisters: Lovers of the Poor Christ. Boston, Massachusetts: Pauline Books and Media, 2003.

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O'Callaghan, Joseph F. Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

Olga's Gallery (retrieved 2015-01-07). Online source of these photos:

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Othoniel, Jean-Michel. The Secret Language of Flowers. Boston: Isabella Sewart Gardner Museum, 2015.

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Paphnutius. The Life of Apa Onnophrios the Anchorite. Online copy at The Saint Pachomius Library.

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Paulinus of Milan. The Life of St. Ambrose of Milan. Online copy formerly at the website of Christopher Haas, Villanova University (retrieved 2015-05-11), now at this address at the Internet Archive, retrieved 2017-08-01.

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Peter Comestor. Historia Scholastica:

(For the Decollation of John the Baptist, see chapter 73 under Historia Evangelorum in the Vikifons posting or columns 1571-75 in Migne.)

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Pisani, Linda. "Una scheda per il Maestro di San Torpè a Providence." Predella 27 (June 2020). Online copy at the Predella website, retrieved 2023-08-30.

Prudentius, Peristephanon.

"Pseudo-Eusebius of Cremona." An essay describing this and two other letters from the 13th century originally posted at Les Enluminures. Now online only at the Internet Archive.

Pseudo-Linus. Martyrdom of the Blessed Apostle Peter. Online copy in Early Church Fathers - Additional Texts, retrieved 2019-07-18.

"La Puerta de Córdoba, lugar del martirio de San Hermenegildo." Web page at ABCdesevilla, retrieved 2015-05-21.

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Quo Vadis? Dir. Mervyn LeRoy. MGM, 1951. Film.

Ramé, Alfred. "Note sur le Psautier d'York Conservé à la Bibliothèque de Rennes." Revue des societés savantes des départements 7:1 (1880), 82-95. The Revue is online at Google Books.

Raymond of Capua. The Life of St. Catherine of Siena. Trans. George Lamb. Rockford, Illinois: TAN Books, 2003. Latin original online at pp. 853-959 of Acta Sanctorum, April vol. 3.

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Robertson, Duncan. The Medieval Saints' Lives: Spiritual Renewal and Old French Literature. Lexington, Kentucky: French Forum, 1995.

Robson, Janet. "The Changing Imagery of Saint Francis in the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi." In Trinita Kennedy, Sanctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy. Nashville, Tennessee: Frist Center for the Visual Arts, 2014.

Romaine, James, and Linda Stratford. ReVisioning: Critical Methods of Seeing Christianity in the History of Art. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2013. Preview and search available online at Google Books, retrieved 2015-06-09.

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Rosand, David. "Titian's Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple and the Scuola della Carità." The Art Bulletin 58 (1976): 55-84. Online copy at JSTOR.

Rossi, Daniele. "Due Giganti nella Storia della Abazia di Pomposa." This article was online at the website of the Comune di Codigoro (retrieved 2017-01-06), but it is no longer there, nor is it at Archive.org.

Royal BC Museum. "We Call Them Vikings." Exhibition brochure, available online at the museum's web site, retrieved 2016-05-16.

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Rushforth, Rebecca. St. Margaret's Gospel Book. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2007.

Ruskin, John. The Works of John Ruskin. London: Longmans, Green, 1906.

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Ryan, William Granger. The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints. 2 vols. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993.

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"St Marks Square, Venice." Online page at Planetware, retrieved 2015-04-04.

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Santo Domingo de la Calzada, Ciudad de. The following pages were formerly at the website of the city of Santo Domingo de la Calzada but are now only at the Internet Archive:

Santoro, Rodo. Palermo: The Churches of the "Martorana" and San Cataldo. Palermo: Arnone Editore, 2005.

Santos Otero, Aurelio de. Los Evangelios Apócrifos. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2001. Santos Otero's Spanish translation of the "Narration of Pseudo-Joseph of Arimathea" (pages 305-51 of this book), formerly at the now defunct website Papers de la Festa, is only at this address at the Internet Archive (retrieved 2023-08-21).

"Sarcophagus of St. Drausinius." Formerly at a web site of the Musée du Louvre, now archived at the Internet Archive (retrieved 2023-08-21).

Salmond, S. D. F. The Works of Gregory Thaumaturgus, Dionysus of Alexandria, and Archelaus. Edinburgh: Clark, 1871. Online copy at Google Books, retrieved 2015-11-17.

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Schaff, Philip. A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. New York: Scribners, 1886-1900. Reprint, Ed. Alexander Roberts. Peabody Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1994. Online copy at Christian Classics Ethereal Library (retrieved 2014-02-18). The Christian Iconography website has references to the following selections:

Scheck, Thomas P. St. Jerome: Commentary on Matthew. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2008.

Schiller, Gertrud. Iconography of Christian Art. Trans. Janet Seligman. 2 vols. 1st English edition. London: Lund Humphries, 1971.

Schneemelcher, Wilhelm. New Testament Apocrypha. 2 vols. Trans. R. McL. Wilson. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.

Schreckenberg, Heinz, and Kurt Schubert. Jewish Historiography and Iconography in Early and Medieval Christianity. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press, 1991.

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"Searching the Septuagint Old Testament." Online page at the "Éllopos" web site.

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Senior, Donald, and John J. Collins. The Catholic Study Bible. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Senn, Frank C. Christian Liturgy: Catholic and Evangelical. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997.

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Setzer, Iohannes. B. Isidori Episcopi Theologi vetustissimi, de Nativitate Domini, Passione, & Resurrectione, Regno atq; Iuditio, Libri duo. Eiusdem Tractatulus de vita & obitu quorūmdam utriusq; Testamenti Sanctorum. Item, Allegoriae quaedam, ex utroq; Testamento excerptae, una cum libro Praemiorum. Hagenau: Setzer, 1709. Online copy at Hathi Trust, retrieved 2023-08-30.

Severinus Cracoviensis. De Vita Miraculis et Actis Canonizationis Sancti Hyacinthi Confessoris. Rome: Typographia Gabiana, 1544. Online copy at Hathi Trust, retrieved 2017-01-16.

Sgarlata, Mariarita. S. Giovanni a Siracusa. Vatican City: Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archeology, 2003.

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Shea, Mark. "The Immaculate Conception: Enter the Subtle Doctor: Duns Scotus." National Catholic Register, 2012-11-16. Online blog post, retrieved 2018-09-17.

Sheingorn, Pamela. The Book of Sainte Foy. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. Online copy at Google Books, retrieved 2013-12-05.

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Shepard, Mary B. "The Relics Window of St. Vincent of Saragossa at Saint-Germain des Prés." Gesta 37 (1998): 258-265.

Shepherd, Dorothy G. "An Icon of the Virgin: A Sixth-Century Tapestry Panel from Egypt." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 56, 3 (March, 1969): 91-120.

Sicardus of Cremona. Sicardi Episcopi Cremonensis Cronica. Online at Monumenta Germaniae Historica 31, 22-181.

Sill, Gertrude Grace. A Handbook of Symbols in Christian Art. New York: Collier Books, 1975.

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Sommers, Kris. "The Journey to Life." This web page was at a site called The Mother of God: Art Celebrates Mary. (Dayton, Ohio: The Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute, 2011). Retrieved 2015-06-08, no longer available.

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Steinberg, Leo. The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Steinberg, Leo. “Who's Who in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam: A Chronology of the Picture's Reluctant Self-Revelation.” The Art Bulletin 74 (1992): 552–566. Online copy at JSTOR, retrieved 16 Apr. 2021.

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Strauss, Walter L., Richard S. Field, et al. The Illustrated Bartsch. 168+ vols. New York: Abaris Books, 1978-ongoing.

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Tavano, Sergio. Aquileia e Grado: Storia-Arte-Cultura. Trieste: Lint, 1986. Reprint, 1996.

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Thomas the Archdeacon. History of the Bishops of Salona and Split. Trans. Damir Karbić. Ed. Olga Perić. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press, 2006. Online copy at JSTOR.

Thurston, Herbert, and Donald Attwater, eds. Butler's Lives of the Saints. 4 vols. New York: P. J. Kennedy and Sons, 1963. Online copy at the Internet Archive, retrieved 2019-11-12. (This work is a "modernized" abbreviation of Alban Butler's Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints. I find it useful for my purposes because it is concise and has bibliographies, but some scholars have objected to it as unfaithful to the original.)

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